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 health outcome


Predicting Public Health Impacts of Electricity Usage

Liu, Yejia, Wu, Zhifeng, Li, Pengfei, Ren, Shaolei

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

The electric power sector is a leading source of air pollutant emissions, impacting the public health of nearly every community. Although regulatory measures have reduced air pollutants, fossil fuels remain a significant component of the energy supply, highlighting the need for more advanced demand-side approaches to reduce the public health impacts. To enable health-informed demand-side management, we introduce HealthPredictor, a domain-specific AI model that provides an end-to-end pipeline linking electricity use to public health outcomes. The model comprises three components: a fuel mix predictor that estimates the contribution of different generation sources, an air quality converter that models pollutant emissions and atmospheric dispersion, and a health impact assessor that translates resulting pollutant changes into monetized health damages. Across multiple regions in the United States, our health-driven optimization framework yields substantially lower prediction errors in terms of public health impacts than fuel mix-driven baselines. A case study on electric vehicle charging schedules illustrates the public health gains enabled by our method and the actionable guidance it can offer for health-informed energy management. Overall, this work shows how AI models can be explicitly designed to enable health-informed energy management for advancing public health and broader societal well-being. Our datasets and code are released at: https://github.com/Ren-Research/Health-Impact-Predictor.


The Language of Interoception: Examining Embodiment and Emotion Through a Corpus of Body Part Mentions

Wu, Sophie, Wahle, Jan Philip, Mohammad, Saif M.

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

This paper is the first investigation of the connection between emotion, embodiment, and everyday language in a large sample of natural language data. We created corpora of body part mentions (BPMs) in online English text (blog posts and tweets). This includes a subset featuring human annotations for the emotions of the person whose body part is mentioned in the text. We show that BPMs are common in personal narratives and tweets (~5% to 10% of posts include BPMs) and that their usage patterns vary markedly by time and %geographic location. Using word-emotion association lexicons and our annotated data, we show that text containing BPMs tends to be more emotionally charged, even when the BPM is not explicitly used to describe a physical reaction to the emotion in the text. Finally, we discover a strong and statistically significant correlation between body-related language and a variety of poorer health outcomes. In sum, we argue that investigating the role of body-part related words in language can open up valuable avenues of future research at the intersection of NLP, the affective sciences, and the study of human wellbeing.


In 1925, seven students went 60 hours without sleep--for science

Popular Science

Scientists were out to prove sleep was just a waste of time. Among the students who participated in the sleep deprivation study was the future head of the psychology department at George Washington University. Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent every weekday. The grueling Medical College Admission Test, or MCAT, was first devised in the 1920s by George Washington University professor Frederick August Moss. Originally called the Scholastic Aptitude Test for Medical Students, Moss developed the readiness test as a way to curb high dropout rates in medical schools.


The U.S. tried permanent daylight saving time--and hated it

Popular Science

The U.S. tried permanent daylight saving time--and hated it In 1974, America set its clocks forward for good in the name of energy savings. Between January and September in 1974, President Richard Nixon made daylight saving time permanent for a brief period. Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent every weekday. As fall approaches, so too does the end of daylight savings time (DST). On November 2nd, the hour between 1 a.m. and 2 a.m. will happen twice.


Evaluation of A Spatial Microsimulation Framework for Small-Area Estimation of Population Health Outcomes Using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

Von Hoene, Emma, Gupta, Aanya, Kavak, Hamdi, Roess, Amira, Anderson, Taylor

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

The field of population health addresses a wide spectrum of challenges, spanning infectious and chronic diseases to mental health and health risk behaviors such as smoking and alcohol consumption (Sharma et al., 2025). A common barrie r to addressing these issues is the lack of ground truth data capturing health outcomes and behaviors at fine geographic scales. This limits both local and national health decision - makers in planning and management efforts, such as identify ing health inequalities or targeting interventions where they are most needed (Rahman, 2017; Wang, 2018) . T o fill this gap, researchers use small area estimation (SAE), a collection of statistical methods that combine survey and geographic data to generate estimates of population - level health outcomes at various spatial scales (RTI International, 2025) . There are numerous methods for generating SAE of health outcomes, which can generally be grouped into two main approaches: direct and indirect model - based estimates (Rahman, 2017) . Direct estimates are calculated using only the survey responses from individuals or households sampled within the specified geographi c areas (counties, states) to estimate disease prevalence or other population characteristics.


Intelligent Healthcare Ecosystems: Optimizing the Iron Triangle of Healthcare (Access, Cost, Quality)

Acharya, Vivek

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Abstract--The United States spends more on healthcare than any other nation - nearly 17% of GDP as of the early 2020s - yet struggles with uneven access and outcomes [1] [2]. This paradox of high cost, variable quality, and inequitable access is often described by the "Iron Triangle" of healthcare [3], which posits that improvements in one dimension (access, cost, or quality) often come at the expense of the others. This paper explores how an Intelligent Healthcare Ecosystem (iHE) - an integrated system leveraging advanced technologies and data-driven innovation - can "bend" or even break this iron triangle, enabling simultaneous enhancements in access, cost-efficiency, and quality of care. We review historical and current trends in U.S. healthcare spending, including persistent waste and international comparisons, to underscore the need for transformative change. We then propose a conceptual model and strategic framework for iHE, incorporating emerging technologies such as generative AI and large language models (LLMs), federated learning, interoperability standards (FHIR) and nationwide networks (TEFCA), and digital twins. We introduce an updated healthcare value equation that integrates all three corners of the iron triangle, and we hypothesize that an intelligently coordinated ecosystem can maximize this value by delivering high-quality care to more people at lower cost. Methods include a narrative synthesis of recent literature and policy reports, and Results highlight key components and enabling technologies of an iHE. We discuss how such ecosystems can reduce waste, personalize care, enhance interoperability, and support value-based models, all while addressing challenges like privacy, bias, and stakeholder adoption. The paper is formatted per MDPI guidelines, with APA-style numbered references, illustrative figures (U.S. spending trends, waste breakdown, international spending comparison, conceptual models), equations, and a structured layout. Our findings suggest that embracing an Intelligent Healthcare Ecosystem is pivotal for optimizing the long-standing trade-offs in healthcare's iron triangle, moving towards a system that is more accessible, affordable, and of higher quality for all.


Decoding Plastic Toxicity: An Intelligent Framework for Conflict-Aware Relational Metapath Extraction from Scientific Abstracts

Jana, Sudeshna, Sinha, Manjira, Dasgupta, Tirthankar

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

The widespread use of plastics and their persistence in the environment have led to the accumulation of micro- and nano-plastics across air, water, and soil, posing serious health risks including respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological disorders. We propose a novel framework that leverages large language models to extract relational metapaths, multi-hop semantic chains linking pollutant sources to health impacts, from scientific abstracts. Our system identifies and connects entities across diverse contexts to construct structured relational metapaths, which are aggregated into a Toxicity Trajectory Graph that traces pollutant propagation through exposure routes and biological systems. Moreover, to ensure consistency and reliability, we incorporate a dynamic evidence reconciliation module that resolves semantic conflicts arising from evolving or contradictory research findings. Our approach demonstrates strong performance in extracting reliable, high-utility relational knowledge from noisy scientific text and offers a scalable solution for mining complex cause-effect structures in domain-specific corpora.


Ending daylight saving time could be better for our health

Popular Science

Sorry, no time policy will make winter days longer. Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent every weekday. It's a hot (yet also sleepy) debate that ignites twice a year in the United States: Why are we still changing the clocks? The "spring forward" every March can feel particularly volatile, with research linking that loss of a precious hour of sleep to more heart attacks and fatal car accidents . Now, a new study published today in the journal indicates that sticking with standard time may improve health.


MedGNN: Capturing the Links Between Urban Characteristics and Medical Prescriptions

Zhao, Minwei, Scepanovic, Sanja, Law, Stephen, Obadic, Ivica, Wu, Cai, Quercia, Daniele

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Understanding how urban socio-demographic and environmental factors relate with health is essential for public health and urban planning. However, traditional statistical methods struggle with nonlinear effects, while machine learning models often fail to capture geographical (nearby areas being more similar) and topological (unequal connectivity between places) effects in an interpretable way. To address this, we propose MedGNN, a spatio-topologically explicit framework that constructs a 2-hop spatial graph, integrating positional and locational node embeddings with urban characteristics in a graph neural network. Applied to MEDSAT, a comprehensive dataset covering over 150 environmental and socio-demographic factors and six prescription outcomes (depression, anxiety, diabetes, hypertension, asthma, and opioids) across 4,835 Greater London neighborhoods, MedGNN improved predictions by over 25% on average compared to baseline methods. Using depression prescriptions as a case study, we analyzed graph embeddings via geographical principal component analysis, identifying findings that: align with prior research (e.g., higher antidepressant prescriptions among older and White populations), contribute to ongoing debates (e.g., greenery linked to higher and NO2 to lower prescriptions), and warrant further study (e.g., canopy evaporation correlated with fewer prescriptions). These results demonstrate MedGNN's potential, and more broadly, of carefully applied machine learning, to advance transdisciplinary public health research.


New tech-focused MAHA initiatives will usher in 'new era of convenience,' improve health outcomes, Trump says

FOX News

Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. shares his journey to his official position and where his passion for health comes from on'My View with Lara Trump.' The White House revealed new details Wednesday regarding the Trump administration's efforts to advance healthcare technology and partnerships with private-sector technology companies. The "Make Health Tech Great Again" event was expected to provide more details on how the administration is advancing a "next-generation digital health ecosystem," after securing partnerships with companies including Amazon, Anthropic, Apple, Google, and OpenAI to better share information between patient and providers within Medicare and Medicaid services. U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., announced that the HHS will ban illegal immigrants from accessing taxpayer-funded programs. "For decades, bureaucrats and entrenched interests buried health data and blocked patients from taking control of their health," Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. said in a statement Wednesday ahead of the event.